Charlton House Historical Report, Block 9 Building 30 Lot 22Originally entitled: "Charlton House"
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library Research Report Series - 1160
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Library
Williamsburg, Virginia
1990
CHARLTON HOUSE
Block 9 Colonial Lot 22
LOCATION:
Colonial Lot 22 is situated on the south side of Duke of Gloucester Street, in Williamsburg near the Capitol.
HISTORY
Though no direct deeds to this lot have been found prior to 1760, from indirect evidence it is believed that the lot was owned by William Byrd II from ca. 1707 to ca. 1744. If this reasoning is correct, Byrd acquired it from James Sheilds, tailor. A deed from James Crosby, merchant of Glasgow, to Alexander Archibald Buchanan & Company, seems to confirm the fact, that Byrd was the owner. Sometime around 1753/4 Dr. Kenneth McKenzie had acquired. the property via Hyndman and Blackburn, attornies for the Buchanan merchants. As McKenzie died before a fee simple deed to the property was consummated, Mrs. McKenzie, his widow, was forced to give a mortgage on the property. John Carter may have become the owner a short time. However, again there is no direct evidence. About 1772 Edward Charlton, wigmaker and barber, purchased the property. Richard Charlton, barber and tavern-keeper, may have operated at this site a short time before his removal to a back street of the city. In 1774, 1775, and 1778 Edward Charlton advertised in the local newspaper that his house was for sale. Following the death of Richard Charlton in 1779, Edward Charlton again advertised all of his household and kitchen furniture for sale along with horses, cows &c. Edward Charlton was obligated in some way to Richard Charlton - an obligation so large that he signed over his property to Richard's estate. A deed of trust dated March 13, 1784 describes this situation. Richard Charlton's estate held the property from 1779 until 1795 when William Russell became the owner. Russell or his heir kept the property until 1819 when Leonard Henley came into ownership. Henley or his heirs held the property until 1880 when a suit kept the situation in litigation until 1886 when the lot was divided the western half sold to R. B, Servant; the other half to R. L. Henley. Heirs of Mr. Servant in 1916 and 1917 conveyed both parts of the property to W. A. R. Goodwin, representing Colonial Williamsburg - life tenure being allowed for Miss Mary L. Servient.
PHOTOSTAT COPY OF THE WILLIAMSBURG PLAT IN "WILLIAMSBURG THE OLD COLONIAL CAPITOL" BY LYON G. TYLER
CHARLTON HOUSE
Block 9 Colonial Lot 22
LOCATION:
Colonial Lot 22 is situated on the south side of Duke of Gloucester Street in Williamsburg near the Capitol. See: Tyler's adaptation of eighteenth century plat of the city, opposite page.
HISTORY
Though no early conveyance has been found to this lot, it seems more than likely from deeds to adjoining property - that William Byrd II1 of "Westover" was owner from ca. 1707 to ca. 1744. If this was true, Byrd may have acquired the lot from James Shields, tailor, who owned lots to the east. See: House History of lots 24 and 25, Research Department.
We know that Byrd owned "three lots containing half an Acre in each Lot … on the South side of the Main Street opposite to the Rawley Tavern."2 When these lots were conveyed in 1749/50 by James Crosby, merchant of Glasgow, to Alexander Archibald Buchanan & Company, mention was made in the deed that the lots had "formerly belonged to the late Colonel William Bird of Charles City County." (entire deed to follow in the report)3
We know, also, that Byrd and Richard Bland had a store in Williamsburg at this period. In 1710 Byrd in his Diary noted that: "I settled accounts with Mr. Bland … I had abundance of discourse with Mr. Bland concerning our store at Williamsburg." On April 6, 1711: "Colonel Bland told me 2. the things got well to Williamsburg for his store."1 Research has not disclosed the location of the Byrd and Bland store. Bland owned Lots 53 and 54 at this period. It is probable that the store could have been there, or it could have been on Lot 22. (Note deed to follow in the report).
Prior to July, 1745, Lot 22 seems to have come into the ownership of James Crosby, merchant; at least Crosby was using the property:
July 4, 1745
Just imported in the Ship Restoration, Capt. John Wilcox, from London, by the Subscriber, next Door to Mr. Crosbie's Merchant, in Williamsburg, A Choice Parcel of Hairs, and other Materials, for making Wigs, prepar'd by the best Hands in London...
Alexander Finnie.2
In the Carter Burwell Papers there is an item dated "1740" stating that "Mr Crosby Mert bought a number of bricks and lumber from James Bray."3 It is possible that Crosby may have been on this property in 1740 and used the materials for repairs. No other data has come to light about his activities in the city, than the deed of 1749/50 to follow:
[February 26, 1749/50]
[Crosby, James, merchant of Glasgow
THIS INDENTURE made the Twenty Sixth Day of February one thousand and Seven hundred and forty Nine fifty Years BETWEEN James Crosby Merchant in Glasgow in North Britain of the one part and Andrew Archd Buchanan's & Company Merchants of Glasgow of the other part WITNESSETH that the said James Crosby for and in Consideration of a certain Sum of Money, the receipt whereof is hereby Acknowledged doth give grant enfeoff and confirm unto the said Andrew Archd Buchanan's & Company ... forever Three Lots of Land containing half an Acre in each Lot (upon one of which Lots there is built a Dwelling House & Kitchen upon the Middle Lott is a Storehouse and upon the other Lott there is a Ware house & Stable 3. all lying Contiguous in the City of Williamsburgh on the South side of the Main Street opposite to the Rawley Tavern which said lots are marked in the Plan of the said City by the Nos (not given which formerly belonged to the late Colonell William Bird of Charles City County) TO HAVE AND TO HOLD...forever....
to
Buchanan, Alexander Archibald & Company4
Consideration: "a certain Sum of Money"]
James Crosby (L.S.)Signed Sealed & delivered in Presence of
William Seller
Hugh Brown
Robt Walkerston1
[Recorded York County Court
June 18, 1750]
From the above quoted deed of conveyance, we see that there were three lots. On one lot was a dwelling-house and kitchen; upon the middle lot was a storehouse and on the third lot was a warehouse and stable - all lying on the south side of the main street opposite to the Raleigh Tavern. If Byrd's dwelling-house lot was Lot 24, the storehouse would lie on Lot 23; and the warehouse and stable on Lot 22.2
The same day was recorded in York County court a statement that Andrew Archibald Buchanan & Company had appointed "John Hyndman Merchant in Williamsburgh in the Colony of Virginia to be our true & Lawful Attorney to sell dispose of three Lots of Land containing half an Acre in each Lot [description identical as between curves in deed above quoted] and lately possessed by James Crosbie Merchant in Williamsburgh."3
From indirect evidence, it looks as though Hyndman, attorney for the Buchanan company from Glasgow, must have taken over operation of the business establishment.4 In March, 1750, John Hyndman, merchant, entered suit, for debt against George Russell.5 In June, 1751, he bought blank books "for 4. Mr James Arthur" from the Virginia Gazette Printing Office.1 On July 2, 1752 Hyndman advertised the property for sale:
Williamsburg, July 2, 1752.
To be Let, and entered immediately,
THE Houses and Lots opposite to the Raleigh Tavern, lately possessed by the Subscriber, from whom the Terms may be known.
John Hyndman.2
On July 24, 1752 another notice in the newspaper in Williamsburg gave information about Hyndman's lot in the city:
STRAYED from the Subscriber, out of Mr. John Hyndman's Lot, in Williamsburg, on the 16th of June last, Two Horses... Whoever brings them to Mr. Josh Hyndman, in Williamsburg, or to me, in Newcastle, shall have a Pistole Reward for each.
Duncan Graham .3
The Buchanan Company of merchants, evidently, did not sell the lots until ca. 1753/4. (Lot 24 was sold by Hyndman and Blackburn, attorneys for the Glasgow merchants, to Dr. Kenneth McKenzie in 1753.)4
A thorough search into the York County court records has disclosed no direct deeds to conveyance of Lots 23 or Lot 22 prior to 1760. A mortgage by Joanna McKenzie (then owner of Lot 24) to George Washington, gives the information that John Carter's5 property lay to the west of her lot.6 Carter is lot is not numbered in the deed. It is possible that he may have leased Lot 22 from the Glasgow firm as the lot had a warehouse and stable thereon. 5. Carter was a merchant. He would have need of those buildings.
From 1764 to 1768 Carter Burwell of "Carters Grove" had an account with John Carter which amounted to £55.3.6.1 In 1765 Carter bought a part of Lot 53 across the street from his. brother, James Carter. (See: John Carter's Store & Unicorn's Horn House History, Research Department.) It is assumed that he moved to the new location on the north side of the main street.
Unfortunately, no conveyance of this property by the Buchanan, Hyndman or possibly John Carter has come to light in any records available.
From subsequent records to follow chronologically, we shall see that Edward Charlton, wigmaker, and Jane Charlton his wife, milliner,2 lived at lot 22 and finally, in 1784, conveyed to the heirs of Richard Charlton.3
It seems possible in the light of evidence to follow (for 1772) and (for 1784) that Edward Charlton purchased Lot 22 ca. 1772. The item cited below indicates that Charlton paid out quite a large sum to Glasgow agents:
[From Ledger of George Washington]4
1772 Cash Account Dr April 9 To Cash received from Mr Edwd Charlton by his Wife, for Adam Stewarts Bill upon Collin Dunlop Esq. & son & Co of Glasgow. January 7, 1772 for £200 St @ 2- pr Ct Exchg £240.
Could Stewart have represented the Buchanan merchants' interests? Could this transaction have been payment for Lot 22?
The connection between Edward Charlton and Richard Charlton has not been actually established though a thorough search has been made into existing records. They, probably, were brothers for Richard had a son, Edward, and 6. a daughter, Jane - which seems significant as Edward and Jane Hunter Charlton had no children; and also, because Edward and wife in 1784 conveyed their property (Lot 22) to the heirs of Richard Charlton. Richard Charlton had been a resident of the city from ca. 1763. In 1767 he advertised in the Virginia Gazette that "The Coffee-House in this city being now opened by the subscriber as a Tavern" was ready for customers.1 Location of this Coffee-House is not definitely established as. yet. He could have taken over the "English Coffee House" on Lots 25 and 26 just to the east of Lot 22 as there is a gap in our information concerning this property between 1755 and 1770.2 Edward Charlton, was in Williamsburg as early as 1752 at which time he was a partner to Richard Gamble, "next door to the Raleigh Tavern. "3 [part of Lot 53]
Whether Richard Charlton removed from the "Coffee-House" to Edward Charlton's new site and operated his tavern there is not known. If he did move to this location, Washington while in Williamsburg from 1772-1775 had many accounts with him. We give below:
| 1772 | Mrs Washington at Mr Richard Charlton's | |
| April 6 | ||
| Novr 20 | Lodged at Mr. Charltons---------------------- | £ 4.10.04 |
| 1773 | Lodged at Mr. Charlton's5------------------- | |
| March 4 | ||
| March 13 | By Board at Mr Charlton's ye Session--------- | 2. 0.0 |
| Dec | By Mr Charlton's Acct for my Board----------- | 7.10.0 |
| By Ditto for Mr Custis----------------------- | 3. 0.06 | |
| By Mr Charltons acct agst Mrs Washington----- | 13. 9.36 | |
| 1774 | ||
| May 31 | Dined at Mr. Charlton's7-------------------- | |
| 7. | ||
| Aug 7 | By my Board at Mr Charltons------------------- | 1.10.0 |
| June 6 | By Club at Richd Charltons-------------------- | -. 6.-1 |
| 18 | By Mr Charlton's Acct for Board &c------------ | 14.17:0 |
| By Mrs Charlton's Acct agst Mrs Washington---- | - .5.5 | |
| By Ditto agst Mr Custis----------------------- | 13.12.82 | |
| By Servants at Mr. Charlton's----------------- | -. 5.- | |
If Richard Charlton operated at Edward Charlton's, he could not have remained there very long, for in 1774 Edward Charlton advertised that he was living upon what we know from subsequent records to be Lot 22; and in 1775 Richard Charlton was living "on the back street."3
In 1774, 1775 and 1778 Edward and Jane Charlton advertised that the house in which they lived was for sale or rent:
Edward's wife, Jane Charlton, advertised in the same issue:[November 4, 1774]
THE subscriber intending for ENGLAND, would be glad to dispose of the house he now lives in, with the lot and other improvements thereon; the situation is in the most public part of the city and the house well calculated for any business. To any person inclinable to become a purchaser the payments will be made easy, on giving bond, and good security; or it will be sold on an annuity, as may best suit the parties.
EDWARD CHARLTON. 4
8. The Charltons had not sold the property in April, 1775:November 4, 1774.
Just imported, in the last ships from London, and to be sold subscriber in Williamsburg, can reasonable terms,
A GENTEEL assortment of MILLINERY, LACES, Dresden SUITS, SILK, JEWELLERY, and sundry other articles, all in the newest fashion. As I find it necessary to go for England in the spring, it is hoped those ladies and gentlemen who have favoured me with their orders, and have not discharged them, will be kind enough to make payment as early as possible, that I may be enabled to put my designs in execution; which will greatly add to the many obligations already conferred on their humble servant.
JANE CHARLTON5
WILLIAMSBURG, April 29, 1775.
THE Subscribers intending to leave the Colony as soon as they can settle their Affairs once more most earnestly entreat the Favour of those that are indebted to them to discharge their Accounts at the ensuing Meeting of the Merchants. The GOODS they have on Hand will be sold cheap for Cash; and as their continuance here is uncertain, it makes such a Notice necessary. The HOUSE they live in; which is situated in the most public Part of the City, and well calculated for any public Business, to be sold on long Credit with Interest from the Date of the Deed, of an Annuity, with approved Security; Either of those, as may best suit the Purchaser will be agreeable to
EDWARD & J. CHARLTON. 1
In July, 1775 it looks as though James Anderson, blacksmith, rented the Charlton's property. In Charlton's Ms Account Book (1769-1775) Anderson is credited by Charlton with house rent amounting to £25:
Just what reason Anderson had for renting from Charlton is not known. Anderson owned Lot 18 on the Main Street at this time.2
CONTRA 1775 July 3rd Cash by the L---------Cr £150 By the rent of House on the Main Street £25----- 25 By Account------------------------------------- 37.11.2
In 1778 the Charltons were still endeavoring to sell the property:
WILLIAMSBURG, May 22, 1778.
TO be rented or sold, the HOUSE and LOT, with the other improvements thereon, belonging to the subscriber, situate on the most public part of the main street, in the said city, well calculated for any business, and in good repair. The terms of payment will be made agreeable to any who choose to purchase, on their giving bond with such security as shall be approved of. If more agreeable, it may be had on an annuity for two lives.
EDWARD CHARLTON.3
Whether Jane Charlton, - following the end of her lease to Gilmer (1770-1774)4 - moved from Lot 52 across the street., to her husband's property 9. (Lot 22). is not known. She continued to advertise her millinery business in the papers as did her sister, Margaret.1 They were operating, apparently, separately from 1771 - 1787.2
There had been business connections between Edward and Richard Charlton from 1764 to 1779 when Richard died. Both were barbers and wigmakers. In 1764 Edward Charlton paid a small account for Richard Charlton.3 Prior to the death of Richard Charlton in October, 1779, Edward Charlton had given notice in the Virginia Gazette of September 4th that he "intended to remove from this state shortly."4 And, on September 28, 1779 he offered at public sale his household and kitchen furniture:
To be SOLD at publick sale for ready money, on Thursday, the 7th of October,
A VARIETY of household and kitchen furniture, among which are handsome looking glasses, a mahogany desk and book case, ditto chest of drawers, do. dressing table, and other tables of different kinds, chairs, a handsome suit of curtains with a walnut bed stead, ivory handled knives and forks, silver ditto, Queen's china plates and dishes, with a great many other useful articles. Likewise two horses, one of them an exceeding fine saddle horse, a chair and harness, a cart with harness for two horses, two milch cows. Also a small collection of books.
WILLIAMSBURG, September 28, 1779. EDWARD CHARLTON. 5
About this time, (October 1779) Richard Charlton died at Richmond on his way from the Springs.6 He had a will in which he bequeathed his whole estate both real and personal to his children (under age) with usual legal 10. provisions to his wife, Sarah.1 Sarah and John M. Galt qualified as executors. Charlton left a large estate. Appraisal of personal property amounted to £14,419.14..0.2 A complete appraisement and sales are recorded. in Edward Charlton's Account Book and in York County records. Edward Charlton was not one of Richard's executors. However, from a record to follow in the report, we shall see that he was obligated in some way to Richard Charlton -- an obligation so large that he signed over his property to Richard's estate. Unfortunately, the business between them was recorded in the General Court,3 Only this trust deed remains in the York County records concerning the transaction:
[March 13, 1784]
[William Trebell, James City To John Minson Galt, Williamsburg, Consideration: 5 shillings]
"WHEREAS Edward Charlton and Jane his Wife proved and recorded in General Court by their certain Indenture bearing date the ----day of October 1779 did for the consideration therein Mentioned grant Bargain and sell unto the said William Trebell his Heirs and Assigns One Lot or Half Acre of Land lying in the said City on the Main Street thereof and noted in the Plan of the said City by the Numbers (22) being the same whereon the said Edward Charlton lived with all and singular with appurtences to have and to hold the said Lot ...to the said William Trebell his Heirs...IN TRUST nevertheless to and for the Uses Intentions and purposes following to wit To convey the same to the Person or Persons who should thereafter appear to be entitled thereto under the Last Will and Testament of Richard Charlton deceased, therein mentioned in Case any such Will and Testament should thereafter be established in the same manner as the person entitled thereto could or might have claimed the same under such Will and Testament had the legal Estate thereof been vested in the said Richard Charlton in Fee Simple at the time of his death, or in case no such Will and Testament should. thereafter be established then to convey the same to the Heirs at Law of the said Richard Charlton subject to the dower of Sarah Charlton his Widow and Relict and to his Heirs in the same Manner as the same would have descended had the said Richard Charlton died intestate seized in Fee simple Estate of the said Lott or half Acre of Land as in the said Indenture Relating being 11. thereunto had...[Conveyed to John Minson Galt in trust as above described] lot 22 on the Main street in the City of Williamsburg …forever."1[Recorded May 17, 1784
York County]
It is assumed that Sarah Charlton, widow of Richard, and her minor children moved into the house on Lot 22 shortly after Edward Charlton's conveyance to them. From 1780 though 1788 there are accounts for repair work done by Humphrey Harwood, Williamsburg carpenter and brick mason, upon Mrs. Richard Charlton's property.2 From these accounts we learn that Dr. Galt was still acting as executor of Charlton's estate. Though a thorough search has been made into the court records to get definite settlements of the estate nothing further has been found. As every household article was sold, apparently, one would judge that Mrs. Charlton did not plan to continue a tavern in the city after her husband's death.
Williamsburg Land Tax records (1785) indicate that Richard Charlton's Estate was charged with "1 lot valued for tax purposes at £5." Charlton's estate continued to own the property until 1795 when it was conveyed to William Russell: "1 lot----£20. "3 Russell was clerk of Williamsburg 1783-1812.
In 1796 William Russell insured the property with the Mutual Assurance Society. The property was described as "My wooden Buildings on the main Street at Williamsburg now occupied by myself situated between the lots of Philip Moody and the lot of Wm Rowsey in the county of York...A dwelling house of wood-two stories 44' by 29', office of wood-one story 30' by 26' and a kitchen of wood-one story 22' by 18' were on the lot."4
12.As clerk of Williamsburg, Russell may have used this office on his property. In 1806 Russell insured the property again. The same three buildings were noted.1
By 1816 Catherine Russell had come into her father's property in the city. The Land Tax records list her with "1 lot valued at $100 via William Russell."
In 1819 Leonard. Henley2 was possessed of the property: "1 lot valued at $100 Via Catherine C. Russell - a certain house and lot late the residence of said C. C. Russell.3
Henley insured the property in 1823 thus: "My buildings on the main street in Williamsburg now occupied by myself situated between the lot of William McCandlish on the East, Frances Powell's lot on the West, and streets otherwise...dwelling," kitchen noted but notation that office had been pulled down.4
During the period 1820 to 1830 the Land Tax records value the property at $1600 for lot and buildings.5 In 1826 Henley bought "1 lot $100 via Mrs. McCandlish."6
In 1830 Henley insured the buildings thus: "my buildings on the main street...now occupied by myself situated between the lots of Martha Magill on the West, Jacob Sheldon & Co. on the East, and streets otherwise…dwelling of wood-two stories 28' by 44', Kitchen 33' by 18' and a smoke house."7
13.In 1839 the property was insured by the heirs of Henley: "That the said Buildings are at present owned by Leonard Henleys heirs and are occupied by Harriet Henley That they are situated on the main street in Williamsburg on the North, Frances Street South Martha Magills lot west and Richard E. Bucktrouts lot East". Only dwelling and kitchen were noted.1
The Land Tax records show that in 1832 Harriet Henley, widow of Leonard Henley, was charged with the property via the last Will and Testament of Henley.2 Harriet Henley was owner of the property in 1861 at which time the property was valued at $3000 for lot and buildings.3
In 1846, 1853 and 1860 the property was insured. Richard E. Bucktrout's lot was on the east.4
A letter dated 1858 from S. S. Griffin to his son, James L. C. Griffin, referred to the Henley property on the main street in this way:
"…Henley has just finished his medical shop on his mother's lot fronting the main street. It is really a very neat affair … ."5
In 1859 Williamsburg Land Tax gives: "Harriet Henley 1 lot 3000 -2500" and "1 lot $650 - $250 New Building." This last is interpreted to be a building on Lot 23 acquired in 1826. (See: above).
The Henleys continued to own and occupy the property until 1880 when following a suit of the Mutual Assurance Society vs the heirs of Leonard Henley, the property was ordered sold. R. L. Henley, trustee for Ella J. 14. Henley and children, were the purchasers. Apparently, Henley paid only a part of the purchase price and gave bonds for the deferred payments. On June 4, 1884 it was decreed that as $293.25 of the purchase money yet unpaid and past due, that a portion of this property be resold. On June 14, 1586 the western half of this lot was sold to R. B. Servant. The remaining half continued in possession of R. L. Henley, trustee.1
By 1596 R. B. Servant, being dead, Cordelia Lee Servant and Mary Lucy Servant, sole heirs conveyed, each to the other, a one-half undivided interest in the real estate of.which R. B. Servant died seized and possessed.2
In 1916 the above named women conveyed to Merton G. Thalhimer the above cited property thus described:
All that certain lot, piece or parcel of land, lying and being and situated in the city of Williamsburg, Virginia, and bounded and described as follows: Beginning at a point on the southern line of Main street (Duke of Gloucester which point is the intersection of said south line of Main street with the west line of the property of Randolph Macon and. the Dawson heirs, thence running westerly along the south line of Main street (Duke of Gloucester) and fronting thereon seventy-eight (78) feet, more or less, east of the room extension of the dwelling now occupied by the said grantor, and running back southerly betwee5 parallel lines to Francis street, on which has a like frontage.3
The will of Cordelia Slater Bass, dated September 27, 1916 and probated March 13, 1917, among other things sets out:
First: I give to my step-daughter Mary Lucy Servant, in fee simple, my undivided half in the house and lot and all buildings thereon, known as the "Old Henley Place", situated in the city of Williamsburg,. in the State of Virginia. Said property bounded on the north by Duke of Gloucester Street, on the west by the property of Capt. Edward Maynard and Mrs. Lanford, and on the east by the house and lot owned by Morton G. Thalhimer and others, on the south by Francis Street.415. On the 22nd day of August, 1928, Mary L. Servient, unmarried, conveyed to W.A.R. Goodwin.. the property described in the caption to this abstract. Life tenure reserved. 1
Mr. John S. Charles writing in 1928 his "Recollections of Williamsburg, as it appeared at the beginning of the Civil War, and just previous thereto" had this description of the houses on this lot:
…
The next was known as the "Henley" house which along with the "Young" house have changed but little in appearance since 1861.
On the site now of the small stucco house just east of the "Henley" house, now owned_by Miss Servant, stood, in 1861, a one story building used as a drug store and owned by Dr. Henley. This attractive little store-house was removed to Fort Magruder during the War.2
Report prepared by: Mary Stephenson October, 1957
Footnotes
From Frenchman's Map
Illustration #2
Williamsburg Land Tax Records:
| Lot | Valuation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1785-- | Richard Charlton's Est | 1 | £ 5.-. | |
| 1786-- | Richard Charlton's Est | 1 | 7.10. | |
| 1787-- | Richard Charlton's Est | 1 | 18.-. | |
| 1788- | Richard Charlton's Est | 1 | 18.-. | |
| 1789- | Richard Charlton's Est | 1 | 20.-. | |
| 1790-- | Richard Charlton's Est | 1 | 20.-. | |
| 1791- | Richard Charlton's Est | 1 | 20.-. | |
| 1792 | Richard Charlton's Es | 1 | 20.-. | |
| 1794- | Richard Charlton's Est | 1 | 20.-. | |
| 1795- | William Russell | 1 | 20.-. | |
| via Richard Charlton's Est | ||||
| 1797-- | William Russell | 1 | 20.-. | 1 lot----£ 8.10. |
| 1798- | William Russell | 1 | $66.67 | 1 lot-$28.56 |
| 1799 | William Russell | 1 | 66.67 | 1 lot----$28.54 |
| 1800-- | William Russell | 1 | 66.67 | 1 lot----$28.54 |
| 1801 | William Russell | 1 ¾ | 70.-. | |
| 1803-- | William Russell | 2 | 70.-. | |
| 1806 | William Russell | 2 | 70.-. | |
| 1807-- | William Russell | 2 | 70.-.- | |
| 1816-- | Catherine Russell | 2 | $100 | |
| 1819-- | Leonard Henley | 1 | $100 | Via Catherine C. Russell - a certain house and lot late the residence of said C. C. Russell. |
| 1820-- | Leonard Henley | 1 | 1600 | $1500 buildings (amt added for) |
| 1826-- | Leonard Henley | 1 | $1600 | $1500 |
| 1 | $100 | Via William McCandlish | ||
| 1832-- | Leonard Henley | 1- | $1600 | $1500 Leonard Henley, by his last Will & Testament, gives to his Wife Harriet, all his real estate during her life. |
| 1 | $100 | |||
| 1839-- | Harriet T. Henley | 1 | $2000 | $1800 |
| 1 | $100 | |||
| 1840-- | Harriet To Henley | 1 | $2000 | $1800 |
| 1856- | Harriet T. Henley | 1 | $3000 | $2500 |
| 1 | $400 | |||
| 1859-- | Harriet T. Henley | 1 | $3000 | $2500 |
| 1861-- | Harriet T. Henley | 1 | $3000 | $2500 |
| 1 | $650 | $250 |
Illustration #3
WILLIAM BYRD II
"William Byrd of Westover in Charles City County was the son of William Byrd of Henrico County and Westover. The first William Byrd was prominent in Virginia affairs as burgess, councillor, auditor-general, receiver-general, merchant, Indian trader, and planter. The second William Byrd was born on March 28, 1674. In early youth he received in England a classical education, training in business, and-after studying in the Middle Temple--was admitted to the bar. He also traveled on the Continent. He continued and extended his father's activities as explorer, Indian trader, merchant, landowner, and politician. He acquired in the course of his life the offices of burgess, agent of the Colony in England, receiver-general, auditor-general, councillor, and, eventually, president of the Council. He was a commissioner in drawing both the Virginia-Carolina boundary line and the Fairfax line. At the time of his death Byrd owned 179,000 acres of land in Virginia .
…His History of the Dividing Line, Journey to the Land of Eden, and Progress to the Mines - all written in the last thirty years of his life and not intended for publication-place him among the most sprightly writers of America in the Colonial Period. William Byrd died on August 26, 1744, and was buried in the center of his garden at Westover ...." (Hugh Jones: The Present State of Virginia, Richard L. Morton, ed., pp 237).
For further biographical material see:
- Wright's The First Gentlemen of Virginia
- Bassett, The Writings of Colonel William Byrd
- Byrd's History of the Dividing Line (Wright and Tinling, eds.)
- The Secret Diary of William Byrd (Woodfin, ed.)
- Another Secret Diary of William Byrd (Woodfin and Tinling, eds.)
- Tyler's Virginia Biography, Vol. I, p. 151.
THE BUCHANANS, GLASGOW MERCHANTS
The firm of Buchanans were known as "The Tobacco Lords" along with other Glasgow merchants. Andrew Buchanan, in 1719 began to acquire property in Glasgow. In 1740 he was Provost of Glasgow, and when he died soon after, he left his son, George, who was also a great foreign merchant and importer of tobacco, to build the "Old Virginia House" in 1752. Following the death of George in 1769 the house was sold to Alexander Speirs, the richest of all the tobacco lords. (Bourne's English Merchants (London 1866) Vol. II, pp. 181-182. See also, Dictionary National Biography, vol. VII, p. 181 for biography of Andrew Buchanan.
One source states that Archibald Buchanan was the brother of Neill Buchanan and a nephew of George and Andrew.
In 1746 Francis Jerdone came to Virginia as a factor for Messrs. Buchanan and Hamilton (William Buchanan and William Hamilton).
In 1748 Jerdone writing from Virginia to William Montgomery commented: "Mess. Wm Millar and John Hyndman are arriving from Glasgow with large cargoes & have some thoughts of fixing here at Wmsburg." (William and Mary Quarterly, series 1, vol. 11, page 153)
JOHN CARTER
John Carter, merchant of Williamsburg, was the son of John Carter, keeper of the Public Gaol (ca. 1731-1740) and Thomasine Carter (d. 1743). His brothers, Dr. James Carter and Dr. William Carter, were prominent in Williamsburg.
John Carter was in business in Williamsburg prior to 1755, when he gave notice that he was going to Great Britain,, requesting those indebted to him to pay their bills promptly. (Virginia Gazette, October 10, 1755.)
In 1760, and possibly earlier, he was living on the south side of Duke of Gloucester Street, opposite the Raleigh, in the house now known as the "King's Arms Tavern." He also may have had his store on this property. He occupied the house until about 1772 when Mrs. Jane Vobe advertised that she was opening a tavern at the Sign of the Kings Arms, "being the House lately occupied by Mr. John Carter." (Ibid... February 6, 1772. See report on "King's Arms Tavern " Block 9. lot 23.)
As may be seen in the attached report on lot 53, in 1765 James and John Carter built jointly a double brick house on the eastern part of the lot. They doubtless moved into it shortly after its completion: John's store occupying the eastern portion of the building., and James's apothecary shop the western part. From 1767, and for as long as the Gazettes were published in Williamsburg, frequent advertisements appeared for the wide range of merchandize offered for sale in John Carter's Store. (See attached report.) In 1769 and 1770 he again gave notice that he was going to England — doubtless to renew his stock; and in January, 1771, Dr. James Carter wrote John Norton, merchant in London, thanking him for "the favours shown my Brothr while in England." (Mason, John Norton & Sons, p. 151.) In 1769, James and John Carter were appointed, with several others, to direct the building of the new courthouse for Williamsburg and James City County. In 1773, the Common Council of the City of Williamsburg elected John Carter chamberlain "in the room of John Prentis."
John Carter purchased the house which Robert Carter Nicholas built (about 1770) on the site of the James City County Courthouse, sometime prior to August, 1778. In 1777 he offered his brick store adjoining the Raleigh Tavern for rent; and in August 1778 he offered both the store and the lot and houses "where Robert C. Nicholas, Esq; lately lived" for sale. He did not sell either of them at that time, and offered them again in 1783. He continued to advertise goods for sale at his store in Williamsburg. However, he must have been in need of money, because in 1792 he offered the Robert Carter Nicholas property, where he was living, his furniture "mostly made of mahogany," and the brick store adjoining the Raleigh for sale. (Virginia Gazette and Weekly Advertiser, February 24, 1792.) John Carter died sometime before August, 1793, for on August 12th of that year Philip Moody, sergeant of Williamsburg, noted in his execution book that he had sold the "Houses & Lotts … next to the Magazine late in the occupation of the Said John Carter decd to Wilson M. Cary for the Sum of £330." (Ms. Execution Book of Philip Moody, p. 121. Research Department.)
In the Record of Bruton Parish Church, the following children of a John Carter1 were baptized:
| 1741 | John [son of] John and Mary Carter ... (p. 146.) |
| 1743 | Elizabeth [daughter of] John and Mary Carter (p. 146.) |
| 1750 | Thomas, [son of] John and Jane Carter, late Jane Mitchell (p. 149.) |
| 1760 | James [son of] John Carter (p. 149.) |
| 1763 | Ann, daughter of] John and Jane Carter (p. 151.) |
| 1764 | Elizabeth, daughter of] John and Jane Carter (p. 151.) |
| 1766 | Cary Mitchell, John and Jane Carter (p. 151.) |
| 1751 | Fanny, John and Anne Carter (p. 153.) |
It is probable that those born between the years 1750 and 1766 were the children of John Carter, merchant, as it has been stated that John Carter, son of John Carter, keeper of the Public Gaol, married Jane Michell of Hampton, daughter of Thomas Michell.. collector of customs for the port at Hampton in 1779. (See Name Data card - note from Lyon G. Tyler re Carters.)
Source:
House History of John Carter's Store
Block 17 Lot 53 Research Department
Report by Mrs. Goodwin (1950)
EDWARD CHARLTON
Edward Charlton, barber and wigmaker, was in Williamsburg as early as 1752. In April of that year, Richard Gamble, wigmaker, advertised in the Virginia Gazette that he had "taken into Partnership Edward Charlton, late from London …." Charlton operated at Gamble's shop in Williamsburg, next door to the Raleigh. In May, 1752 Gamble and Charlton advertised in the newspaper that they sold wigs. He kept an account book of his customers between 1769 - 1773. This book is extant and on loan to Colonial Williamsburg Library.
Charlton married Jane Hunter, milliner; a sister of Margaret Hunter, milliner. (Date of marriage prior to July, 1792.) Richard Charlton, wigmaker, may have been a brother of Edward. Richard had a son, Edward and a daughter, Jane - which seems significant. Upon the death of Richard Charlton in 1779 Edward seemed to have been closely aligned with the settlement. (See: house history for details).
In 1774, Edward Charlton advertised that he intended to sail for England soon and that he offered his house for sale where "he now lived in the most public part of the city." In 1775, Edward and Jane Charlton offered "goods for sale ... and the House they live in most public part of City." In 1778, Charlton's house was still offered for sale or to be rented. In 1783 Edward Charlton paid taxes in Williamsburg.
Edward Charlton died in 1792. His wife, Jane Charlton, died in Williamsburg in August, 1802, leaving a will and a trust fund for certain relatives of her late husband.
- York County Court Records
- Virginia Gazette
- Robinson Upshur Papers, Virginia Historical Society
- Alexander Craig Ms Account Book 1761.-62
- House History Lot 22, Research Department
- House History Lot 58, Research Department; ibid. Lot 52
Sources:
MRS. JANE HUNTER CHARLTON
Jane Hunter was a milliner who had a shop in Williamsburg in 1766. She was a sister of Margaret Hunter, milliner, who came in 1767 from London. In 1770 their shop was located on Lot 52 on the south side of Duke of Gloucester Street. Margaret Hunter acquired it sometime after 1770 and prior to 1774. Around 1795 Jane Charlton was the owner of Margaret Hunter's shop. By 1804 the shop had been sold. (See: House History of Lot 52, Research Department, and "Milliners of Williamsburg in the 18th Century. ")
Jane Hunter married Edward Charlton, wigmaker and barber of Williamsburg ca 1762. He was in the city as early as 1752 as at that date he had become a partner to Richard Gamble who had a shop next door to the Raleigh Tavern. Charlton's Account book covering the period 1752-61 is extant and on loan with Colonial Williamsburg.
The connection between Edward Charlton and Richard Charlton, wigmaker & tavern keeper has not been actually established. They, probably were brothers, for Richard Charlton had a son named Edward, and a daughter named Jane - which seems significant as Edward and Jane Charlton had no children. There had been business connections between Edward and Richard Charlton from 1767 to 1779. In 1779 when Richard Charlton died, it appears from the source that Lot 22 on the north side of Duke of Gloucester street had been the property of Edward, that he and Jane had lived thereon and that there was some business arrangement between Edward and Richard concerning the property. Edward assumed the deed of trust on the lot for benefit of Richard's heirs. He seems to have kept ownership of one fourth part of the lot and Richard's estate took over the remaining part (3/4). Edward Charlton's part was conveyed in 1806 to Philip Moody.
Edward Charlton died in 1792. Jane Charlton died in 1802. Her will, a copy now in the Robinson Upshur Papers, Virginia Historical Society, made certain bequests to relatives of her deceased husband; and certain bequests to her sister in England and her heirs, and to other relatives in Virginia. Jane Charlton's niece had married William Russell, clerk of the city of Williamsburg. Their daughter had married Anthony Robinson of Richmond who acted as administrator of Jane Charlton.
- Robinson-Upshur Papers, Virginia Historical Society
- Ms Account Book of Edward Charlton, Research Department, CWI
- York County Records
- Virginia Gazette
- House History of Lot 52, Research Department, CWI
- "Milliners of Williamsburg in the Eighteenth Century," Research Department
- Alexander Craig Ms Account Book 1761-62, Research Department
- Hustings Court of Williamsburg 1814-1815, data on card in Research Department
Sources:
RICHARD CHARLTON
The earliest records found concerning Richard Charlton was June 20, 1763 when he was a witness in York County suit. He was engaged in the wigmaking and barbering craft and later had a tavern in Williamsburg. He may have been a brother of Edward Charlton, another wigmaker and barber in the city. Richard had children named Edward, Thomas and Jane. Edward and Jane may have been namesakes of Edward Charlton and his wife, Jane. Richard Charlton's wife's name was Sarah Satterwhite. At the time of Richard Charlton's death in 1779, his children were under age. He requested by will that his good friends, Robert Prentis and Dr. John Galt, be guardians of his children, Edward, Thomas and Jane, all under age.
In 1767 Charlton advertised in the Virginia Gazette that "THE Coffee-House in this city being now opened by the subscriber as a Tavern" was ready for customers. Location of the Coffee-House is not definitely established. He may have taken over the English Coffee House on lot 25-26 as there is a gap in our information concerning this lot between 1755 and 1770. In 1777 Charlton lived on "the back Street, opposite to Mrs. Starke's" where he offered rooms to "those gentlemen who choose to live private and furnish their own rooms." At Charlton's death in 1779, Edward Charlton who was owner and living on Lot 22, gave a deed a trust to William Trebell for "the person or persons... entitled thereto under the Last Will and Testament of Richard Charlton.. dec'd." Richard Charlton's estate held it until 1795.
Between the years 1768-1774 George Washington sometimes lodged with Charlton when in Williamsburg.
Charlton's death notice appeared in the Virginia Gazette of October 2, 1779
"DEATHS… Mr. RICHARD CHARLTON of this city, after a lingering illness, last Monday died at Richmond, on his way from the Springs."
- York County Records
- Virginia Gazette
- House History, Research Department, Lots 2526; Lot 22 (South Duke of Gloucester Street)
- Robert Carter Papers (1705-1771). Virginia Historical Society
- Account Book Ms. Edward Charlton, on loan to Colonial Williamsburg Archives
- William Palfrey Letters, Ms, microfilm CWI [gives marriage of Richard Charlton]
Sources:
Henley (Harriet T) to Cary & semplis' trustee. Trust deed -[Abstract. Indicates that Harriet's father and mother were John Coke, decd and Mrs. Rebecca Coke. Harriet Henley offered her mother 1/7 title to the dower slaves held by Mrs. Coke, and in the increase, and her interest in the money fund to Wm. H. Pierce, Trustee. Proved in Wmsbg. Hustings Court, June 29, 1839.]
Source:
Southall Papers, William & Mary College folder 199, Legal Cases & Estates
Williamsburg
[Jan. 1, 1839]
LEONARD HENLEY
"Departed this life, in the full hope of a glorious immortality, on the 8th of January, 1831, LEONARD HENLEY, of the city of Williamsburg, nearly 43 years of age, after a tedious and painful disease, leaving behind a wife and eight small children, with numerous friends and relatives to mourn over their irreparable loss. How appalling is such a stroke to an affectionate wife and eight infants. Mr. Henley was well known as a man of inflexible principles--a kinder and affectionate husband, father, master, neighbor, seldom is surpassed. He was, for the last fifteen years, Clerk of the County and Superior Courts of James City, the corporation of Williamsburg, William and Mary College, and Lunatic Hospital, all of which he filled with dignity and fidelity. His laborious and sedentary life is supposed to have shortened his days.
For three or four months before his death, he was deeply concerned about his eternal interest. He was always attentive to the Christian religion. The convictions of his mind, of its great importance, with the sufferings of his body, threatened at one time mental derangement. But the God whom he sought made him victorious over all his sufferings--his mind became calm, peaceful and happy--his hopes in the atonement of the Redeemer, firm and strong--his resignation and end, worthy our imitation. 'Let me die the death of the righteous, and let my last end be like unto his,' said a Prophet. 'Let us live the life of the righteous, and our request shall be granted,' says the Saviour."
Source:
Daily Richmond Whig, 1831, Feb. 9 [From copy in Virginia State Library]
WILLIAM RUSSELL
William Russell had occupied a store adjoining to the shop of James Geddy in 1771. (Virginia Gazette July 18) In 1774 he acquired Lot 52 via George Gilmer. (York County Records, Deeds VIII, p. 461) He held this property until 1812 (date of his death). He owned Lot 22 from 1795 to his death.
In 1775 Russell married Betsy Farrow, a relative of Jane Charlton. His daughter, Catherine, inherited much of Jane Charlton's property in 1806. (Robinson Papers, microfilm, CWI) In 1785 Mrs. Elizabeth Russell died. (Virginia Gazette or American Chronicle, Hayes, ed., March 5th)
Russell served as Clerk of the Eastern State Hospital from ca. 1786 1803. (Calendar of Virginia State Papers) He served as Clerk of the Hustings Court of Williamsburg from 1783-1813 (Personal Property Tax Williamsburg; Swem's Virginia Historical Index and Tyler's Historical Magazine, vol. 8, p. 68; ibid, vol. 2, pp. 183-184 .
Illustration #4
Mutual Assurance SocietyPolicy #122
1796, April 22nd.
I the underwritten William Russel residing at Williamsburg in the county of York do hereby declare for Assurance in the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings...
My wooden Buildings on the main Street at Williamsburg now occupied by myself situated between the lots of Philip Moody and the lot of Wm Rowseys in the county of York…
| The dwelling house | marked A at | 1000 Dollars |
| The Office | do B at | 150 do |
| The Kitchen | do C at | 140 do |
| 1290 do |
Policy #618
1806, March 11th
Revaluation of Buildings insured numbered Declaration No 122 as per Indorsements
I the underwritten William Russell residing at Williamsburg in the county of York do hereby declare for Assurance in the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings... My three Buildings on the Main street in the Town aforesaid now occupied by myself situated between the Lotts of William Rowsey on the West and Philip Moody on the East…
| The Dwelling House | marked A at | 3330 Dollars |
| The Office | B at | 400 |
| The Kitchen | C at | 250 |
Policy #5029
1823 May 18th
Revaluation of Buildings formerly declared for Assurance by William Russell per Declaration No. 618
I the underwritten Leonard Henley residing at Williamsburg in the county of York do hereby declare for Assurance in the Mutual Assurance Society against fire on buildings... My buildings on the main street in Williamsburg now occupied by myself situated between the lot of William McCandlish on the East, Francis Powell's lot on the West, and Streets otherwise in the county of York...
| The Dwelling marked | A at | 2500 Dollars |
| The Kitchen | B at | 200 |
| The (Office pulled down) | ||
| 2700 |
Policy #7590
1830, May 20th
Revaluation of Buildings formerly declared for Assurance by Leonard Henley per declaration No. 5029
I the underwritten Leonard Henley residing at Williamsburg in the county of York do hereby declare for Assurance in the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire... my buildings on the main street in Williamsburg now occupied by myself situated between the lots of Martha Magill on the West, Jacob Sheldon & Co on the East, and streets otherwise in the county of York…
| The Dwelling marked | A at | $1700 |
| The Kitchen | B at | 200 |
| 1900 |
#11,005
1839, April 24th
Revaluation of Buildings declared for Assurance by Leonard Henley as per declaration No. 7590
We the underwritten Robert Anderson Special Agent, and Albert G. Southall and John R. Pierce Appraisers, do hereby certify, that we have viewed and re-valued the Buildings heretofore declared for Assurance, in the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings..., by Leonard Henley as per his Declaration for Assurance Numbered 7590 That the said Buildings are at present owned by Leonard Henleys heirs residing at Williamsburg and are occupied by Harriet Henley That they are situated on the main street, in Williamsburg on the North, Frances Street South Martha Magills lot West and Richard E. Bucktrouts lot East...
| The Dwelling marked | A at | $3000 |
| The Kitchen | B at | 250 |
| $3250 |
Policy #14,394
1846, October 3rd
Revaluation of Building declared for Assurance by The Estate of Leonard Henley as per Declaration No. 11005…
That the said Buildings at present owned by the Estate of Leonard Henley & family residing at Williamsburg and are occupied his widow and family That they are situated on land belonging to the Estate in Williamsburg and on the Main street therein in the County of York…
| The Dwelling marked | A at | $3000 |
| The Kitchen | B | 250 |
| $3250 |
Policy #17636
1853, Sept. 24th
Revaluation of Buildings declared for Assurance by Estate of Leonard Henley as per Declaration No. 14394...
That the said Buildings are at present owned by Estate of Leonard Henley and are occupied by Harriet T. Henley, his widow, That they are situated on Main Street in Williamsburg in the County of York…
Policy #21336
1860, Dec. 31st
Revaluation of Buildings declared for Assurance by the Estate of Leonard Henley as per Declaration No. 17636...
That the said Buildings are at present owned by the Est. of Leonard Henley and occupied by Mrs. Harriet T. Henley That they are situated on the South side of Main Street, between the lot of Richd E. Bucktrout on the East and that of John H. Barlow on the West in the City of Williamsburg and in the County of York
| The Dwelling marked | A at | $3000 |
| The kitchen | B at | 250 |
| $3250 |
Illustration #5
Ms Ledger of Humphrey Harwood, By p. 36CWI
| Mrs. SARAH CHARLTON | Dr | |
| 1780 | ||
| Feby 10th | To 1 bushel of lime 9d & takeing in back of chimy 3/6 & lbar 1/---- | £ -.4.6 |
| April 24 | To Do 6/ & 200 bricks 5/6 2 days labr 4/ & Repairg 2 prs Steps 12/6----- | 1.8.0 |
| £ 1.12.6 |
| Doctr JOHN M. GALT | Dr | |
| 1783 | ||
| April 12 | To 3 bushels of Lime a 1/3 & hair 9d (for Mrs Charltons House)------ | £ -.4.9 |
| Doctr JOHN M. GALT | Dr | |
| 1788 | ||
| Jan 16th | To 300 bricks @ 3/ & 8 bushels of lime @ 1/ (for Richard Charltons Estate)--------- | £ -.17.- |
[NOTE: There is an account to "Mrs. Charlton" from 1792-1794. As there were three Mrs. Charlton's in Williamsburg at this date, we do not know whether this account applies to Mrs. Sarah Charlton.]
M.S.
Illustration #6
Virginia Gazette Day Book MSSOriginal at University of Virginia
photostat, CWI
| 1751 | August 24th | |
| Andrew Buchanan | Dr | |
| To advertising your Departure 7/ | ||
| Sept 3, 1751 | ||
| John Hyndman | Dr | |
| To Bought Books | ||
| For 4 vols Gil Blas | £ 1.1.8 | |
| October 19th | ||
| To a quire Paper & room pott | £ 1.0.6 | |
| 1752 | March 7 | |
| To Books | ||
| 1 Duty of Man 4/ | ||
| 1 Esops Fables 1/6 | ||
| 1752 | June 11th | |
| For adv. Negroes | -.10.10 | |
| 1752 | June 13th | |
| 2 Quire Bills of Exchange | £ -.1.6 | |
| 1752 | June 18 | |
| John Hyndman | ||
| 2 Qr s Pro patria 3 | ||
| 25 ord Quills 7 ½ | £ -.3.7 ½ |
- York County Records
Judgments & Orders 1768-1769, p. 264
John Hyndman, Mercht London vs Charles Neilson for debts - Ibid, 1772-1774, John Hyndman and Richard Lancaster, Merchts London (Oct. 19, 1772).
- Ibid p. 153, John Hyndman, John Hunter Exors of Robert Dinwiddie (Nov. 16, 1772).